Art discusses the intriguing world of ham radio and its various facets. He begins by addressing a recent earthquake that was felt in Washington, though not strongly enough to cause significant distress. The conversation then shifts to Wayne, a guest who explains ham radio to the uninitiated, clarifying common misconceptions and comparing it to CB radio, which is often mistakenly associated with ham radio. Wayne highlights that amateur radio is a significant advancement over CB, offering long-distance communication without as much interference.
Wayne passionately shares stories about young children obtaining ham licenses, demonstrating the accessibility of amateur radio. He argues for the benefits of ham radio, from educational opportunities in electronics to fostering global connections and combating loneliness. This is especially poignant as Wayne recalls feelings of isolation during travels, which ham radio helped alleviate.
Moreover, Art and Wayne discuss the affordability of ham radio, debunking the myth that it’s overly expensive by suggesting options for acquiring economical equipment. Wayne also shares his adventures due to ham radio, like setting up equipment on a desert island, which underscores the community and networking opportunities within the ham radio sphere. He wraps up with personal anecdotes about how ham radio facilitated his career moves, including a memorable project at the Guggenheim Museum influenced by his early involvement with ham radio.
Art delves into why some people perceive Wayne as eccentric, teasingly asking if Wayne can handle the playful scrutiny. They revisit the inception of Wayne’s ideas about repeaters, now commonly recognized as a precursor to cellular phones. Wayne describes his early advocacy for these repeaters, noting resistance from his audience who were skeptical of the new technology. Despite the backlash, Wayne persisted, believing in the transformative potential of repeaters for amateur radio.
Wayne shares further that his forward-thinking didn’t stop with radio technology. He was an early proponent of integrating computers into the ham radio community, even dedicating magazines to computers before they became mainstream. His ventures included the launch of Byte magazine, a pioneering publication focused on computers, which quickly became a significant presence on newsstands. Wayne also initiated Micro Computing magazine and a specific publication for the RadioShack TRS-80, underscoring his influence in the early computer magazine industry.
Despite his contributions to various technological advancements, Wayne remarks on not being driven by monetary gain. He expresses satisfaction in making things happen, such as aiding in the development of compact discs and cellular technology, rather than profiting from them directly. This ethos reflects a broader, altruistic perspective, focusing on the impact rather than the financial rewards.
Wayne discusses his relationship with the amateur radio community and the conflicts that have arisen from his progressive views. He mentions his early involvement with radio teletype and how it laid the groundwork for his publishing career. Despite his significant contributions, Wayne has been viewed as a contentious figure within the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL), the major ham organization, due to his critical stance on their policies.
Wayne criticizes the ARRL for a regulatory change they advocated for decades ago, which he believes severely damaged the hobby. This change required all amateurs to be re-licensed and re-examined, leading to a dramatic decrease in amateur radio participants and the closure of many ham radio stores and manufacturers. Wayne attributes the decline in amateur radio’s popularity to this rule change, noting that it wiped out numerous school radio clubs that were vital for nurturing new enthusiasts, particularly teenagers.
Despite his contentious history with the ARRL, Wayne explains that he maintains a personal relationship with members of the organization, although it does not extend to professional or board-level interactions due to his status as a direct competitor with his magazine, “73.” The magazine has undergone various changes over the years, with Wayne continually promoting DIY projects and encouraging amateurs to build their own equipment, keeping the spirit of innovation and hands-on learning alive in the community.
Wayne continues to discuss the modern challenges and joys of ham radio, emphasizing that while building large transceivers is a thing of the past, hobbyists can still engage in constructing smaller devices like low-powered transceivers. These projects, he notes, are not only enjoyable but also offer a sense of accomplishment as they enable worldwide communication from simple equipment built over a weekend.
The conversation shifts to the topic of radio propagation, influenced by the 11-year sunspot cycle. Wayne explains how this cycle affects the transmission and reception of signals across various amateur radio bands. He illustrates this with examples of how, depending on the time of day and band used, operators can expect to make contact with different parts of the world, such as Japan, South Africa, and South America.
Art then questions Wayne about the future of ham radio, hinting at the potential advancements like geosynchronous satellites for amateurs, which haven’t materialized due to financial constraints. They discuss the existing amateur radio satellites and the issue of unlicensed operators, like an American astronaut allegedly using Russian equipment without proper licensing.
The dialogue takes an intriguing turn towards notable individuals in the ham radio community, including leaders and celebrities like King Hussein of Jordan and Barry Goldwater, underscoring the broad appeal and significance of ham radio. Wayne shares personal anecdotes, highlighting his connections within this community and touching upon controversial topics like UFOs and Roswell, revealing his willingness to explore and discuss unconventional subjects.
Wayne delves deeper into the topic of cold fusion, a subject that has both fascinated and divided the scientific community. He starts by critiquing the earlier experiments that initially discredited cold fusion, suggesting some data might have been manipulated. Wayne expresses strong convictions that cold fusion is not only real but that it will soon become commercially available, potentially revolutionizing energy production with devices that could heat buildings efficiently and inexpensively.
He describes a simple home experiment involving nickels, a sodium mixture, and a small voltage to illustrate cold fusion’s potential to generate significant heat. Wayne claims that this process, after a couple of days, begins to produce far more energy than is input, suggesting a radical efficiency that could undermine traditional energy industries.
Art and Wayne discuss the resistance from fossil fuel industries and the broader implications of a successful cold fusion technology, including its environmental benefits over nuclear energy. Wayne also mentions a patented device by Dr. Patterson in Sarasota, Florida, that purportedly outputs twenty times the energy it consumes. Demonstrations of this device have shown remarkable results, such as converting 13 watts of input into 1300 watts of output, and even the transmutation of elements, which Wayne humorously compares to alchemy.
Wayne continues discussing the potential of cold fusion technology, emphasizing its practical application in generating heat and electricity. He explains how this innovative energy source could be compact yet powerful, comparing the energy output size to a breadbox capable of generating substantial electricity. Wayne is enthusiastic about the advancements and possibilities, despite skepticism and systemic opposition from traditional energy sectors and governmental bodies.
He also details the process of cold fusion using common materials like nickels and a sodium mixture, explaining how to set up a simple experiment to generate energy. Wayne mentions the resistance from the oil, coal, and electric industries, as well as governmental obstacles that hinder research and development in the field. However, he remains hopeful, discussing the research previously supported by the Navy and the significant outcomes from these studies.
Wayne is critical of the influence of money in politics, suggesting a radical approach to prevent lobbyists from stalling progress in energy innovations like cold fusion. His dedication to democratizing this technology is evident as he encourages individuals to conduct their own experiments to validate the effects of cold fusion, thereby empowering people to verify and utilize new technologies independently of institutional approval or support.
Wayne delves into the practical implications and potential hazards of cold fusion, explaining the necessity of properly managing the heat generated to prevent accidents. He discusses devices that have occasionally malfunctioned due to overheating but emphasizes that with proper control mechanisms, these risks are manageable. Wayne also points out that the process could be scaled to provide significant energy outputs, such as heating a room or even powering vehicles.
The conversation touches on the substantial support from companies like Toyota, which provided funding and resources to pioneering researchers in the field, indicating a strong commercial interest in cold fusion technology. Wayne shares an anecdote about Dr. Fleischman, who showcased a device on British television capable of generating considerable power, suggesting the long-term potential of these energy sources to operate vehicles or power homes with minimal refueling.
Art and Wayne also discuss the broader implications of adopting cold fusion technology, such as significant reductions in pollution and dependency on traditional fuel sources. However, Wayne expresses frustration with the reluctance of major industries and government bodies to embrace this technology, highlighting the challenges innovators face when their ideas disrupt established markets.
The dialogue shifts to a broader critique of industrial and political inertia, with Wayne advocating for more significant public and governmental support for revolutionary technologies. He remains committed to disseminating information through his publications, aiming to foster a more informed and engaged public capable of demanding change.
Wayne Green delves into the practical details and broader implications of cold fusion during his discussion with Art. A listener named Jim, who is also a ham radio enthusiast, asks Wayne about the specifics of setting up the cold fusion experiment, particularly about the distance between nickel pieces in the solution. Wayne clarifies that the distance doesn’t significantly affect the reaction, demonstrating the accessibility and simplicity of conducting these experiments at home.
Further, the conversation touches on the Patterson cell’s capabilities, which can be linked to a Tesla turbine to produce substantial power, highlighting the potential industrial applications of cold fusion. Wayne emphasizes that this field presents a ground-floor opportunity for inventors and tinkerers in the United States, where little activity is currently taking place compared to other countries.
The discussion then shifts to the decline of ham radio as a hobby, attributed by a listener named Charlie to the rise of computers—a technology heavily promoted by Wayne in the past. Wayne responds by critiquing the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL) for not effectively promoting ham radio in recent years, suggesting that better marketing could have sustained its growth.
Finally, the topic shifts to a controversial and speculative area regarding a potential cure for AIDS, which Wayne mentions has been discovered by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine but remains under wraps. He reflects on the broader issues of medical bureaucracy and the influence of pharmaceutical companies, illustrating the complex interplay between innovation, commercial interests, and regulatory frameworks.
Wayne Green discusses a controversial approach to treating AIDS, developed by a researcher named Bob Beck, who proposed a method to cleanse the blood of viruses using a small electric current. Beck’s technique involves passing a minimal electric current through the blood without removing it from the body, which he claims can clear not only HIV but also any bacteria, fungus, parasites, or other pathogens present in the blood.
Wayne explains Beck’s process in detail, noting that it involves placing electrodes on the ankles, away from the heart, to safely conduct electricity through the blood. The voltage used is about 25 volts, and the current is a mere 50 microamperes. Beck’s approach aims to alter the blood’s environment sufficiently to kill pathogens without needing to extract the blood for treatment.
Further elaborating on the practical application of this method, Wayne mentions making Beck’s information available to the public through a simple electric circuit design included in a booklet, which he distributed to encourage experimentation and feedback. Despite limited responses, Wayne received a profoundly thankful call from someone in France, claiming the method saved his son’s life.
In addition to this, Wayne describes an enhancement to the original technique using a bio-electric device he calls a “bio electric fire,” which is simple enough for individuals to assemble and use at home. This device uses a circuit to flip the voltage polarity back and forth to prevent the body from developing resistance to the treatment.
Wayne also discusses the need to clear pathogens from the lymph glands, not just the bloodstream. Beck’s solution includes a coil that generates a powerful magnetic field when activated, intended to dislodge hidden pathogens from the lymph nodes into the bloodstream where they can be neutralized by the treatment.
Wayne Green continues to discuss unconventional health treatments, focusing on a method developed by Bob Beck, which uses a small electrical current to potentially treat AIDS and other diseases. Wayne explains that Beck’s approach involves using electrodes placed on the body to administer a voltage that purportedly cleanses the blood of pathogens without needing to extract it. He shares anecdotes about individuals who have reportedly experienced significant health improvements or recovery from serious illnesses using this technique.
Wayne also addresses the logistical and regulatory challenges of promoting and distributing such a device. He highlights that he is not selling the device but providing information and schematics through his publications, charging a small fee to fund further research. This model allows him to remain within the legal bounds while encouraging experimentation and verification of the device’s effectiveness.
In addition to the electrical treatment, Wayne touches on the use of colloidal silver, a substance historically used to treat various ailments before the advent of antibiotics. He notes that colloidal silver is being revisited as a potentially valuable health supplement, which can be easily produced using simple materials like silver wires and batteries.
Wayne Green addresses several questions from the audience about a range of topics, showcasing his broad knowledge and interest in unconventional theories and technologies.
Wayne responds to questions about the potential applications of his discussed technologies:
- He confirms that Ebola, like AIDS, could potentially be treated with the electrical blood purification method he discussed, suggesting it might quickly clean the virus from the system.
- He talks about a caller who successfully applied the cold fusion process to heat his greenhouse, indicating the practical utility of this energy source and hinting at commercial availability soon.
Wayne also touches upon ham radio topics, discussing the FCC’s vanity callsign program and reflecting on his long history with his own callsign, which he’s had for nearly 60 years.
Further exploring unconventional scientific theories, Wayne engages with a reader’s book that challenges widely accepted scientific concepts:
- The book argues against the common understanding of ice ages and tides being influenced by the moon, proposing alternative explanations that Wayne finds compelling.
- It also suggests that volcanoes are not fed by subterranean magma but are a surface phenomenon, with experiments to support this theory showing transmutation of elements—turning lighter elements into heavier ones through a process resembling fusion.
Wayne discusses the potential negative effects of immunization, sharing personal anecdotes about the onset of asthma and other respiratory issues after receiving vaccines. He mentions creating his own shot records to bypass travel requirements, highlighting his deep mistrust of mandatory immunization practices.
The conversation shifts dramatically to a more contentious topic: the authenticity of the moon landings. Wayne references a book that argues the moon landings were a hoax, akin to the plot of the movie “Capricorn One.” He shares several “gotchas” from the book that made him skeptical about the official narrative:
- Issues with the visibility of footprints on the moon’s surface, arguing that the lack of moisture on the moon would prevent such clear impressions.
- Inconsistencies in photographs from the moon landings, such as the position of shadows and the lack of disturbance under the lunar module, which should have shown signs of the retro rockets’ blast.
- Questions about the radiation levels beyond the Van Allen belts and the inadequate shielding of the lunar module, suggesting that the astronauts would have been exposed to lethal levels of radiation.
An interesting anecdote shared by a caller describes a government research facility’s device that could convert sandy soil into glass using a suitcase-sized apparatus with no visible external power source, hinting at the existence of advanced, secret energy technologies. Wayne expresses his familiarity with stories of hidden or suppressed technological advancements through his connections, reinforcing his theme of governmental secrecy.
Additionally, Wayne delves into historical mysteries, discussing Amelia Earhart. He shares a theory that Earhart was on a spy mission to photograph military installations in the Pacific on behalf of the U.S. government, which allegedly led to her mysterious disappearance. This narrative suggests that her around-the-world flight was a cover for espionage activities, contributing to enduring speculations about her fate.
The segment also touches on Earhart’s legacy and the ongoing intrigue surrounding her story, reflecting Wayne’s broader interest in challenging official accounts and exploring alternative explanations for well-known historical events.
One caller challenges Wayne’s previous assertion that the distinct footprints left on the moon’s surface would require moisture, arguing that materials like cement can retain impressions without apparent moisture. Wayne counters by discussing the properties of moon dust and the environment’s lack of humidity, which would normally prevent such clear impressions from forming.
Wayne also fields questions about his electrode device, which some callers have built and used based on his designs, reporting improved health and vitality. This reinforces Wayne’s narrative that alternative technologies, often dismissed or ignored by mainstream science and medicine, can have significant positive effects.
The conversation veers back to the moon landing skepticism, with Wayne detailing arguments from the book he mentioned earlier. These include discrepancies in the shadows and lighting in lunar photos, which he suggests could not align with the natural conditions if the landings were authentic. Wayne uses these points to bolster his stance that the moon landings were staged, a belief that clearly fascinates and resonates with his audience.
Wayne Green continues to field calls from listeners, tackling questions about cold fusion, cancer treatments, and environmental concerns like skin cancer and ozone depletion.
Cold Fusion and Cancer Treatments:
- A caller expresses enthusiasm about the positive effects of an electrode device promoted by Wayne, further validating Wayne’s support for alternative medical therapies.
- Wayne responds to a query about cancer, recommending books and suggesting that devices like the Bob Beck electrode device have been reported to help with cancer symptoms. He emphasizes that mainstream medicine often overlooks these alternative approaches.
Environmental Concerns:
- Another caller raises the issue of increasing skin cancer rates allegedly due to the thinning ozone layer. Wayne is skeptical of the connection between ozone depletion and rising cancer rates, suggesting that it might be mostly hype. He argues that increases in certain chemicals like dioxin and fluoride in the water supply could be more directly linked to rising cancer rates.
Moon Landing Skepticism:
- The discussion veers back to moon landing skepticism as Wayne entertains questions about the authenticity of moon photographs and the feasibility of the landings. He maintains his stance that the moon landings might have been staged, based on discrepancies highlighted in the book he discussed earlier.
Wayne’s conversations reflect a broader theme of challenging established scientific beliefs and narratives, advocating for a reevaluation of what is commonly accepted.
Wayne Green engages in a heated debate with callers about the legitimacy and mechanics of cold fusion, reflecting broader disputes in the scientific community over this controversial topic. The discussion showcases Wayne’s firm advocacy for alternative energy technologies and his frustration with skepticism from parts of the scientific establishment.
Cold Fusion Debate:
- Wayne faces skepticism from a caller with a background in nuclear engineering who questions the scientific basis and reproducibility of cold fusion experiments. The caller doubts the possibility of nuclear reactions occurring in the experiments Wayne supports, suggesting they might be smoke and mirrors rather than legitimate scientific breakthroughs.
- Wayne argues that cold fusion has been replicated successfully in various countries, citing international conferences and ongoing research as evidence of its viability. He challenges the caller to read his magazine which contains articles by top scientists explaining the process in detail, showing his commitment to disseminating what he sees as credible and vetted scientific work.
- The discussion also touches on the phenomenon of transmutation of elements observed in experiments, which Wayne uses to argue for the occurrence of cold fusion reactions. This point is critical for Wayne as it serves as proof of the nuclear processes he claims are taking place.
Public and Scientific Perception:
- Wayne expresses frustration with the public and some scientists’ unwillingness to engage with or accept new scientific theories and evidence. He believes that dismissing cold fusion without examining the latest research is intellectually dishonest and hinders scientific progress.
- The intense exchange reflects the polarized views on cold fusion within the scientific community and among the public, highlighting the challenges faced by proponents of new technologies in gaining acceptance.
Wayne Green provides a detailed explanation of how to perform a home-based cold fusion experiment, delving into the specifics of the setup and materials needed. He describes the process of using potassium carbonate, water, and nickels to initiate a reaction that purportedly generates significant heat through a fusion-like process involving hydrogen and lithium.
Cold Fusion Experiment Details:
- Wayne outlines the materials required for the experiment, including potassium carbonate, water, a couple of nickel electrodes, and a power source supplying 24-30 volts to generate current.
- He explains how to prepare the setup, ensuring only the nickel is submerged in the water to prevent contamination from other metals, such as copper from the wires.
- Wayne suggests that the reaction might involve fusion of hydrogen absorbed by the nickel with lithium, potentially forming heavier elements like beryllium and boron. He refers to Einstein’s equation, E=mc^2, to explain how a small amount of mass could release a large amount of energy, hinting at the process underlying the energy production in the experiment.
Safety Precautions:
- He warns of the need to monitor the experiment closely as the reaction can heat the water significantly, posing risks of boiling or even explosive reactions if not properly managed.
Personal Finance and Entrepreneurship:
- Shifting the conversation, Wayne discusses personal finance and entrepreneurship. He argues that traditional employment paths often do not lead to significant wealth accumulation and advocates for entrepreneurship as a more lucrative approach. Wayne shares insights from his own experiences and from a booklet he wrote, offering advice on becoming financially successful through entrepreneurial endeavors.
Philosophy on Money and Life:
- Wayne and Art Bell reflect on their personal philosophies regarding money, emphasizing the importance of enjoying life and finding satisfaction in pursuits beyond just financial gain. They suggest that true wealth comes from engaging in fulfilling activities and that money often follows as a byproduct of pursuing one’s passions.
Cold Fusion Experiment Details:
- Wayne explains a home experiment for cold fusion, providing a step-by-step guide on setting up a simple system involving potassium carbonate, water, nickel electrodes, and a power source. He discusses the potential for generating significant heat through this setup and emphasizes the importance of carefully managing the heat to prevent accidents.
Legal and Practical Aspects of Innovation:
- A caller inquires about the legality of creating and using devices based on patented technologies, particularly those related to Wayne’s discussions on medical devices for treating blood-borne illnesses. Wayne clarifies that while certain hospital processes are patented, home implementations for personal use generally do not infringe on these patents, especially when not commercialized.
Medical Applications of Technology:
- Wayne briefly touches on other medical techniques that involve manipulating blood temperature for therapeutic purposes, noting both successes and risks. He mentions the use of ultraviolet light as a treatment, referencing a book that champions this method.
Buckminster Fuller and Intellectual Discussions:
- The conversation shifts to a broader discussion of intellectual figures and organizations. Wayne mentions his involvement with American Mensa and his interactions with Buckminster Fuller, highlighting his engagement in high-level intellectual discourse.
Cold Fusion Discussion:
- Wayne details a simple cold fusion experiment that listeners can perform at home, which involves potassium carbonate, water, nickel electrodes, and electricity. He provides specific instructions on setting up the experiment, aiming to demonstrate the potential of cold fusion for generating heat efficiently.
Environmental Technologies:
- One caller inquires about devices that introduce ozone and ions into the air, questioning their effectiveness and environmental impact. Wayne acknowledges their use in purifying air and even mentions anecdotal evidence of their benefits for health, particularly for cancer patients.
Public Engagement and Misconceptions:
- The discussion reveals the public’s varied reception to Wayne’s theories and instructions. Some callers express enthusiastic support and plan to replicate the experiments he describes, while others show skepticism, especially regarding the scientific basis and reproducibility of cold fusion.
Personal Experiences and Anecdotes:
- Wayne shares personal anecdotes about his adventures facilitated by ham radio, including travels and expeditions to exotic locations. These stories highlight his diverse interests and the unconventional life path he champions, emphasizing exploration and curiosity.
Cold Fusion and Superconductivity:
- A caller discusses an explosion related to an experiment involving superconductivity, leading to a conversation about advancements in room temperature superconductivity. Wayne acknowledges the potential of such technology but remains focused on the practical applications of cold fusion, explaining simple home experiments that enthusiasts can try.
Government Conspiracies and Moon Landings:
- The discussion takes a turn towards conspiracy theories, with a caller questioning the validity of the moon landings and suggesting that the government might have staged them to justify massive budget expenditures. Wayne entertains these theories, reflecting on the government’s capacity for secrecy and misinformation.
Accessibility of Information:
- A visually impaired caller inquires about accessing Wayne’s publications in formats suitable for the blind, prompting a discussion on making scientific and technical content accessible to a broader audience. Wayne expresses interest in exploring options to provide his materials through services like the Library of Congress or other organizations dedicated to aiding the visually impaired.
Public Engagement and Educational Outreach:
- Throughout the conversation, Wayne emphasizes the importance of public education and engagement. He promotes his books and articles as resources for those curious about unconventional science and encourages listeners to conduct their own research and experiments to challenge established scientific narratives.
Technical Discussion on Cold Fusion:
- Wayne responds to a clarification about the substances used in his described cold fusion experiment, correcting a mix-up between sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate. This emphasizes the specific chemical requirements for the experiment to function as intended.
Conspiracy Theories and Government Influence:
- The conversation shifts to deeper conspiracy theories regarding the moon landings. One caller questions the possibility of government interference in disclosing certain information, suggesting that the government might restrict what can be publicly shared about extraterrestrial materials or events.
- Wayne humorously entertains these theories, illustrating his openness to discussing alternative narratives and encouraging listeners to question official accounts.
Public Engagement and Response:
- Several callers express their appreciation for the show, highlighting Wayne’s role in sparking curiosity and debate among the public. His responses encourage listeners to engage critically with scientific claims and to explore subjects independently, particularly through reading recommended books that delve deeper into specific topics.
Application of Technologies:
- Wayne discusses the practical applications of technologies like ozone generators for air purification, noting their effectiveness and potential health benefits. He engages with caller inquiries about the environmental impact and efficacy of such devices, providing insights based on his knowledge and personal experiences.
Educational Outreach and Personal Insights:
- Throughout the segment, Wayne’s interactions reflect his dedication to educational outreach and his desire to share knowledge on unconventional topics. His approachable demeanor and readiness to discuss various subjects illustrate his commitment to education and public engagement.
UFOs and Extraterrestrial Life:
- Wayne expresses his conviction that UFOs are real, based on personal experiences and testimonies from close friends. He questions the utility of projects like SETI that aim to detect alien civilizations through radio signals, suggesting that more direct forms of contact may already exist.
Longevity and Lifestyle:
- The conversation shifts to how lifestyle changes can significantly extend human life expectancy, potentially allowing people to live up to 150 years. Wayne hints at the possibility of discussing this topic in more depth in future shows, suggesting that healthy living can be both enjoyable and beneficial.
Interaction and Outreach:
- Wayne reiterates his openness to communicating with the public, sharing his contact information for those interested in reaching out to him. He reflects on the volume of correspondence he receives and his commitment to responding to all inquiries, illustrating his dedication to engaging with his audience.
Future Discussions:
- Wayne and the host discuss plans for future shows where they can delve into topics not fully covered in the current session, such as education reforms and further details on achieving longevity through lifestyle adjustments.
The session ends with Wayne looking forward to future discussions, leaving the door open for more in-depth exploration of the intriguing topics he’s passionate about.